bbk 000000

УДК 628.166

Kofman V. Ya.

Новые подходы к обеззараживанию воды
(обзор)

Summary

In the process of using traditional methods of water disinfection with chlorine containing disinfectants or ozone byproducts of different toxic effect are formed. As alternative water chemical oxidants-free water disinfection methods and methods characterized by lower disinfection byproducts formation are developed. In this regard photocatalytic water disinfection process with ultraviolet irradiation or visible light impact; microorganism inactivation with the use of nanomaterials in the form of titanium dioxide, silver nanoparticles, fullerenes, graphene, carbon nanotubes, peptides and chitosan, as well as ferrate process are most intensively investigated. The given process flow schemes have certain advantages also in microcystine destruction. The mechanism of microorganism inactivation is considered. Technical problems that have to be solved to expand the practical use of alternative water disinfection methods are presented.

Key words

water disinfection , photocatalytic process , nanotechnologies , titanium dioxide , silver nanoparticles , carbon nanotubes , graphene , peptides , chitosan , fullerenes , ferrate process , microcystine destruction

The further text is accessible on a paid subscription.
For authorisation enter the login/password.
Or subscribe

REFERENCES

1. Li Q., Mahendra S., Lyon D. Y., et al. Antimicrobal nanomaterials for water disinfection and microbial control: Potential applications and implications. Water Research, 2008, v. 45, pp. 4591–4602.
2. Robertson P. K. J., Robertson J. M. C., Bahnemann D. F. Removal of microorganisms and their chemical metabolites from water using semiconductor photocatalysis. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2012, no. 211–212, pp. 161–171.
3. Lydakis-Simantiris N., Riga D., Katsivela E., et al. Disinfection of spring water and secondary treated municipal wastewater by TiO2 photocatalysis. Desalination, 2010, no. 250, pp. 351–355.
4. Polo-Lopez M. I., Garcia-Fernandes I., Oller I. Solar disinfection of fungal spores in water aided by low concentration of hydrogen peroxide. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, 2011, no. 10, pp. 381–388.
5. Leung T. Y., Chan C. Y., Hu C., et al. Photocatalytic disinfection of marine bacteria using fluorescent light. Water Research, 2008, v. 42, pp. 4827–4837.
6. Pigeot-Remy S., Simonet F., Errazuris-Cerda E., et al. Photocatalysis and disinfection of water: identification of potential bacterial targets. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2011, no. 104, pp. 3930–398.
7. Cho M., Cates E. L., Kim J.-H. Inactivation and surface interactions of MS-2 bacteriophage in a TiO2 photoelectrocatalytic reactor. Water Research, 2011, v. 45, pp. 2104–2110.
8. Adams L. K., Lyon D. Y., Alvarez P. J. J. Comparative ecotoxicity of nanoscale TiO2, SiO2, and ZnO water suspension. Water Research, 2006, v. 40, pp. 3527–3532.
9. Reddy M. P., Venugopal A., Subrahmanyam M. Hydroxyapatite-supported Ag-TiO2 as Escherichia coli disinfection photocatalyst. Water Research, 2007, v. 41, pp. 379–386.
10. Fernandes-Ibanez P., Polo-Lopez M. I., Malato S., et al. Solar photocatalytic disinfection of water using titanium dioxide graphene composites. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2015, no. 261, pp. 36–44.
11. Liu I., Lawton L. A., Robertson P. K. J. Mechanistic studies of the photocatalytic oxidation of microcystin-LR: an investigation of by-products of the decomposition process. Environment Science and Technology, 2003, no. 37, pp. 3214–3219.
12. Lawton L. A., Robertson P. K. J., Robertson R. F., Bruce F. G. The destruction of 2-methylisoborneol and geosmin using titanium dioxide photocatalysis. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2003, no. 44, pp. 9–13.
13. Choi H., Stathatos E., Dionysiou D. Photocatalytic TiO2 films and membranes for the development of efficient wastewater treatment and reuse systems. Desalination, 2007, no. 202, pp. 199–206.
14. Maynard A. D. Nanotechnology – toxicological issues and environmental safety. In: Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, 1–14. Washington, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, DC, 2007.
15. De Gusseme B., Hennebel T., Christiaens E., et al. Virus disinfection in water by biogenic silver immobilized in polyvinylidene fluoride membranes. Water Research, 2011, v. 45, pp. 1856–1864.
16. Liu S., Zeng T. H., Hofmann M., et al. Antibacterial activity of graphite, graphite oxide, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide: membrane and oxidative stress. ACS Nano, 2011, v. 5, no. 9, pp. 6971–6980.
17. Spesia M. B., Milanesio M. E., Durantini E. N. Synthesis, properties and photodynamic inactivation of Escherichia coli by novel cationic fullerene (C60) derivatives. European Journal of Medical Chemistry, 2007, v. 43, no. 4, pp. 853–861.
18. Lyon D. Y., Brown D. A., Alvarez P. J. Implication and potential applications of bactericidal fullerene water suspensions: effect of (nC60) concentration, exposure conditions and shelf life. Water Science and Technology, 2008, v. 57, no. 10, pp. 1533–1538.
19. Wick P., Manser P., Limbach L. K., et al. The degree and kind of agglomeration affect carbon nanotube cytotoxicity. Toxicology Letters, 2007, no. 168, pp. 121–131.
20. Brady-Estevez A. S., Kang S., Elimelech M. A single-walled carbon nanotube filter for removal of viral and bacterial pathogens. Small, 2007, v. 4, no. 4, pp. 481–484.
21. Rabea E. I., Badawy M. E., Stevens C. V., et al. Chitosan as antimicrobial agent: applications and mode of action. Biomacromolecules, 2003, v. 4, no. 6, pp. 1457–1465.
22. Vikesland P. J., Wigginton K. R. Nanomaterial enabled biosensors for pathogen monitoring: A review. Environmental Science and Technology, 2010, v. 44, no. 10, pp. 3656–3669.
23. Theron J., Cloete T. E., de Kwaadsteniet M. Current molecular and emerging nanobiotechnology approaches for the detection of microbial pathogens. Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 2010, v. 36, no. 4, pp. 318–339.
24. Qu X., Alvarez P. J. J., Li Q. Applications of nanotechnology in water and wastewater treatment. Water Research, 2013, v. 47, pp. 3931–3946.
25. Jeong E., Im W.-T., Kim D.-H., et al. Different susceptability of bacterial community to silver nanoparticles in wastewater treatment systems. Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part A, 2014, no. 49, pp. 685–693.
26. Yang B., Ying G.-G., Zhao J.-L., Liu S., Zhou L.-J., Chen F. Removal of selected endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) during ferrate (VI) treatment of secondary wastewater effluents. Water Research, 2012, v. 46, pp. 2194–2204.
27. Sharma V. K., Zboril R., McDonald T. J. Formation and toxicity of brominated disinfection byproducts during chlorination and chloramination of water: A review. Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part B: Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes, 2014, v. 49, no. 3, pp. 212–228.
28. Jiang J. O. Wang S., Papangoulopoulos A. The role of potassium ferrate (VI) in the inactivation of Escherichia coli and in the reduction of COD for water remediation. Desalination, 2007, no. 210, pp. 266–273.
29. Sharma V. K., Kazama F., Jiangyong H., et al. Ferrates as environmentally-friendly oxidants and disinfectants. Journal of Water Health, 2005, no. 3, pp. 45–48.
30. Jiang W., Chen L., Batchu S. R., et al. Oxidation of microcystin-LR by ferrate (VI): Kinetics, degradation pathways, and toxicity assessments. Environmental Science and Technology, 2014, no. 48, pp. 12164–12172.
31. Alsheyab M., Jiang J. Q., Stanford C. On-line production of ferrate with an electrochemical method and its potential application for wastewater treatment: A review. Journal of Environmental Management, 2009, v. 90, no. 3, pp. 1350–1356.