Новые подходы к обеззараживанию воды
(обзор)

Аннотация

При использовании традиционных методов обеззараживания воды хлорсодержащими дезинфектантами или озоном образуются побочные продукты разнообразного токсического действия. В качестве альтернативы разрабатываются способы обеззараживания воды без применения химических окислителей, а также методы, характеризующиеся меньшим образованием побочных продуктов. В этом направлении наиболее интенсивно исследуют фотокаталитический процесс обеззараживания воды при ультрафиолетовом облучении или воздействии видимого света, инактивацию микроорганизмов с использованием наноматериалов в виде диоксида титана, наночастиц серебра, фуллеренов, графена, углеродных нанотрубок, пептидов и хитозана, а также ферратный процесс. Данные технологические схемы имеют преимущества и при деструкции микроцистинов. Рассмотрен механизм инактивации микроорганизмов. Приведены технические проблемы, которые необходимо решить для расширения практического использования альтернативных методов обеззараживания воды.

Ключевые слова

обеззараживание воды , фотокаталитический процесс , нанотехнологии , диоксид титана , наночастицы серебра , углеродные нанотрубки , графен , пептиды , хитозан , фуллерены , ферратный процесс , деструкция микроцистинов

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