The impact of economic activity on the qualitative composition
of surface water courses

Summary

Pollution of water bodies as a result of the economic activity is a serious environmental problem. On the basis of state reports on the environmental condition of the Samara Area in 2006–2012 an analysis of the qualitative composition of the water courses flowing in close proximity of potential pollution sources – cities, industrial enterprises, highways and railways – was carried out. Three rivers were chosen for studies: the Surgut, the Bol’shoi Kinel’ and the Bezenchuk. For the evaluation of the water quality the following parameters were used: specific composite water contamination index, sulfates, copper, manganese, BOD_full, COD, suspended solids and dissolved oxygen. The concentrations of pollutants in the Samara Area rivers exceed the maximum permissible levels: sulfates – sixfold, copper – ninefold, manganese-thirty one fold, BOD_full – 2.1-fold, COD – twofold. It is evidence of significant deterioration of the studied water bodies for the past decade. Since the research stations are located close to cities, industrial enterprises or highways the mentioned environmental problem results from the active economic anthropogenic activity. To detect illegal wastewater discharge sources the results of water body monitoring shall be regularly analyzed. It will help to identify the type of wastewater discharged into the water body; pollution source or industrial enterprise discharging the wastes illegally.
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Key words

water course , surface water body , water quality parameters , water objects pollution , specific composite water contamination index

The study of the ecological state of the To Lich River in Hanoi

Summary

To Lich is a big river in the city of Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam. The river system receives municipal wastewater as well as effluents from 100 industrial enterprises located in five industrial areas in the central part of Hanoi. The To Lich River channel has accumulated about 284 thousand m³ of sediments, 7347 tons of different metals. The total load of nine metals on the river estuary is 161.7 kg/day. The information on the method and results of the field studies of the To Lich water and riverbed pollution with heavy metals is presented. The study was aiming at the assessment of the total load of heavy metals discharged and accumulated in the bottom deposits of separate To Lich River reaches (at the point of effluent discharges) as well as the assessment of the daily intake of organic carbon and heavy metals at the river estuary. To evaluate the general ecological state of the river the analysis of not only the river water quality but also the quality of the sediments was carried out. At that the following parameters were entered: water quality index (WQI) and sediment quality index (SQI) on the basis of seven pollutants: for water –chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As) and lead (Pb); for sediments –Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb.

Key words

wastewater , heavy metals , drinking water supply , water quality parameters , water supply , water sampling

Surface runoff of Samara: effect of the seasonal factors

Summary

Surface runoff is still one of the main sources of pollutants discharged into water bodies. By the example of the storm sewer system of Samara urban district the detailed qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the discharged wastewater are considered. The storm sewer of Samara receives surface runoff and drainage water from the urban territory and territory of industrial enterprises, clean surface runoff, drainage flow from heat distribution networks and process effluent generated in the process of the network maintenance. The data is presented on the assessment of the seasonal variation of the effluent quality. A representative set of indicators for monitoring purposes and diagnostics of the state of the wastewater disposal system is presented. The representative diagnostic set includes the following indicators: рН, BOD_full, suspended solids, dry residue, ammonium, nitrates, nitrites, copper, aluminium, oil products. The results of the studies of interaction between the raw water quality coming to the pumping filtration station of Samara and characteristics of the surface runoff discharged upstream the same water body are cited. It is shown that the water source turbidity and color are related to certain qualitative parameters of the surface runoff. The level of this interaction is estimated; calculation dependencies are proposed. The need for the further implementation of the municipal program of the storm sewer system of Samara urban district is substantiated.

Key words

surface runoff , water supply source , variability , water quality parameters , representative indicators