DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.10.01
UDC 502.55
Manaeva Elizaveta, Beliaeva N. I., Mamonov R. A.
Analysis of organic pollution of surface water bodies of a megacity
Summary
The regulatory documents of the Russian Federation provide lists of controlled pollutants for water bodies. It is practically impossible to assess the water quality of water reservoirs using all these indicators due to their numerousness. However, the text of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation does not formulate recommendations on the choice of the indicators for monitoring with account of the regional and technological features. The purpose of the work is to analyze the data on organic pollution of the surface water bodies of a megacity using the example of the Moskva River and its tributaries. The research was carried out in two stages. At the first stage, a retrospective analysis of the results of three-year observations of the water quality of reservoirs was carried out. The data from the laboratories of three regulatory organizations were used. At the second stage, our own research was carried out. A retrospective analysis was executed with generalized indicators: oil products, phenols, surfactants and formaldehyde. As a result of our own research, at least 200 organic compounds were found in the samples. The concentration of oil products, phenols and formaldehyde in the Moskva River has exceeded the adopted maximum permissible values. In different hydrological periods violations of the standards for such compounds as chlororganic substances, phthalates, phosphates, aliphatic acids, alcohols, bisphenol A and benzene were recorded in the river water. In the water of the Moskva River, organic compounds not regulated by the current legislation were found. Substances of the first hazard class to which the state regulation measures are applied, require additional monitoring in order to determine the frequency of their detection. For a number of detected organic compounds, there is evidence of their carcinogenic activity, which confirms the need to improve the hygienic standards.
Key words
water supply source , sanitary protection of water bodies , chemical pollution of surface water , organic compounds in water bodies , regulation of substances in water , the Moskva River
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UDC 628.113:502.65
Shushkevich E. V.
Influence of Ecological Conditions of Water Sources on Water Supply of a Megalopolis
SUMMARY
In theory the improvement of conditions of surface sources of water supply is an effective method of enhancement of potable water quality. However, even if there are possibilities to realize nature-conservative measures they have long-term character. In practice the most realizable methods are correction of water quality at water treatment stations’ water intakes changing the hydrologic conditions and operative control over water treatment at water treatment stations. The application of classical technique of water treatment with coagulation and clarification in complex with ozone sorption and ultrafiltration makes it possible to ensure the necessary degree of water treatment and its compliance with the perspective normative requirements regardless of conditions of a water supply source.
Key words
potable water , pollution , water supply source , water treatment technique
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UDC 628.16:504.064
Danilov-Danil'ian V. I., Poroikov V. V., Chiganova M. A., KOZLOV M. N., Filimonov D. A., Barenboim G. M.
Estimation of biological hazard of organic xenobiotics
in water supply sources
Summary
Identification of pollutants, estimation of their concentration in water and biological hazard are important practical tasks in the assessment of water quality in the Moscow drinking water sources. In estimating the pollution rate of a water body it is required to draw out a xenobiotics profile, i. e. the complex of bioactive species of all the xenobiotics present in water. Among xenobiotics the compounds of medical origin were defined alongside with compounds with pharmacological activity, however not used in medicine («quasidrugs»). The technique of determining biological activity profile with the help of a special search and design information system has been developed. The first part of the system is based on the Russian and international regulatory documents; lists of especially hazardous substances; guides on separate toxic substances; journals or data bases compiled by international and national organizations. The second part of the system is represented by the technique of prognosticating biological activity on the basis of analyzing its relationships with the chemical structure of a substance. This method has been implemented in PASS software with teaching selection containing the information on more than 250,000 pharmaceuticals and toxicants. Xenobiotic profile can be reflected on ecotoxicological maps. The results of studies give the start to sequential practical actions from compiling a xenobiotic profile of a project to developing efficient water treatment technologies that will provide for reducing the concentration of xenobiotics including ones with pharmacological activity to the maximum permissible level.
Key words
water supply source , organic xenobiotic , biological activity , substance toxicity
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UDC 574.52
Bespalova K. V.
Assessment of the state of water supply sources under the conditions
of anthropogenic eutrophication of water reservoirs
Summary
Deterioration of the water quality in water supply sources and amplification of water treatment technologies have been typical phenomena under the conditions of anthropogenic eutrophication of water reservoirs. The results of water quality monitoring in the Kuibyshev water reservoir under normal and abnormal weather conditions are presented. The observations were carried out both at fixed and mobile stations with the use of traditional and automated measuring instruments. It was stated that phosphate concentrations in water influenced the rate and duration of algae growth (water bloom). On the basis of the observations in an abnormally hot year the prediction of the ecological state of the water reservoir under the conditions of global warming in the Lower Volga watershed is made. It is shown that under the conditions of excess nutrient load and global temperature increase the state of the Kuibyshev water reservoir as a water supply source will deteriorate. The measures are recommended that will provide for reducing the nutrient load in the water reservoir including the development and introduction of regional standards with account for the natural specifics of the given water supply source.
Key words
water supply source , water bloom , water reservoir monitoring , anthropogenic eutrophication , extreme weather conditions , global warming , regional water quality standards
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UDC 628.312:504.064
Bykova P. G., Palagin Evgenii, Gridneva M. A., Pavlukhin A. A.
Surface runoff of Samara: effect of the seasonal factors
Summary
Surface runoff is still one of the main sources of pollutants discharged into water bodies. By the example of the storm sewer system of Samara urban district the detailed qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the discharged wastewater are considered. The storm sewer of Samara receives surface runoff and drainage water from the urban territory and territory of industrial enterprises, clean surface runoff, drainage flow from heat distribution networks and process effluent generated in the process of the network maintenance. The data is presented on the assessment of the seasonal variation of the effluent quality. A representative set of indicators for monitoring purposes and diagnostics of the state of the wastewater disposal system is presented. The representative diagnostic set includes the following indicators: рН, BODfull, suspended solids, dry residue, ammonium, nitrates, nitrites, copper, aluminium, oil products. The results of the studies of interaction between the raw water quality coming to the pumping filtration station of Samara and characteristics of the surface runoff discharged upstream the same water body are cited. It is shown that the water source turbidity and color are related to certain qualitative parameters of the surface runoff. The level of this interaction is estimated; calculation dependencies are proposed. The need for the further implementation of the municipal program of the storm sewer system of Samara urban district is substantiated.
Key words
surface runoff , water supply source , variability , water quality parameters , representative indicators
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