№1|2022

ЗА РУБЕЖОМ

DOI 10.35776/VST.2022.01.08
УДК 628.355:543.635.355:504.7

Кофман В. Я.

Перспективные направления переработки избыточного активного ила. Получение летучих жирных кислот (обзор)

Аннотация

Среди способов получения из активного ила продуктов с большей добавленной стоимостью, производство которых при этом не связано с выбросом парниковых газов, в качестве реальной альтернативы производству биогаза рассмат­ривают анаэробное сбраживание избыточного активного ила с получением в качестве конечного продукта летучих жирных кислот, которые в традиционном процессе являются промежуточным продуктом получения метана. Рассмот­рены основные факторы, влияющие на показатели производства летучих жирных кислот, в числе которых значение рН, температура, соотношение C/N, продолжительность процесса, нагрузка ферментера по органическим веществам, присутствие микроэлементов. Эффективным способом увеличения выхода летучих жирных кислот является совместное сбраживание избыточного активного ила с субстратами с высоким содержанием органического углерода (пищевые отходы, кукурузная солома, навоз, сточные воды молочного и целлюлозно-бумажного производства, фильт­рат полигонов твердых бытовых отходов), а также способы предварительной обработки: физические (ультразвуковые, микроволновые, термические), химические (щелочная обработка, свободная азотистая кислота, металлическое железо, пероксомоносульфат др.) и биологические (биологические поверхностно-активные вещества, гидролитические ферменты, гидролитические бактерии). Представлены основные области применения летучих жирных кислот, в числе которых получение среднецепочечных жирных кислот, производство полигидроксиалканоатов, белка одноклеточных организмов, электроэнергии, водорода, а также использование в качестве источника углерода в процессе биологического удаления азота.

Ключевые слова

, , , , , , , ,

Дальнейший текст доступен по платной подписке.
Авторизуйтесь: введите свой логин/пароль.
Или оформите подписку

Список цитируемой литературы

  1. Fang W., Zhang X., Zhang P., et al. Overview of key operation factors and strategies for improving fermentative volatile fatty acid production and product regulation from sewage sludge. Journal of Environmental Science, 2020, v. 87, pp. 93–112.
  2. Yang G., Zhang G., Wang H. Current state of sludge production, management, treatment and disposal in China. Water Research, 2015, v. 78, pp. 60–73.
  3. Кофман В. Я. Интенсификация производства биогаза при анаэробном сбраживании избыточного активного ила (обзор) // Водоснабжение и санитарная техника. 2020. № 10. С. 55–64. Kofman V. Ia. Enhancement of biogas generation during anaerobic digestion of excess activated sludge (a review). Vodosnabzhenie i Sanitarnaia Tekhnika, 2020, no. 10, pp. 55–64. (In Russian).
  4. Atasoy M., Owusu-Agyeman I., Plaza E., Cetecioglu Z. Bio-based volatile fatty acid production and recovery from waste streams: Current status and future challenges. Bioresource Technology, 2018, v. 268, pp. 773–786.
  5. Calt E. A. Products produced from organic waste using managed ecosystem fermentation. Journal of Sustainable Development, 2015, v. 8, pp. 43–51.
  6. Lin L., Liu X. Effects of pH adjustment on the hydrolysis of Al-enhanced primary sedimentation sludge for volatile fatty acid production. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2018, v. 346, pp. 50–56.
  7. Azman S., Khadem A. F., van Lier J. B., et al. Presence and role of anaerobic hydrolytic microbes in conversion of lignocellulosic biomass for biogas production. Critical Review of Environmental Science and Technology, 2015, v. 45 (23), pp. 2523–2564.
  8. Jie W., Peng Y., Ren N., Li B. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) accumulation and microbial community structure of excess sludge (ES) at different pHs. Bioresource Technology, 2014, v. 152, pp. 124–129.
  9. Cokgor E. U., Oktay S., Tas D. O., et al. Influence of pH and temperature on soluble substrate generation with primary sludge fermentation. Bioresource Technology, 2009, v. 100 (1), pp. 380–386.
  10. Feng Q., Song Y., Kim D., et al. Influence of the temperature and hydraulic retention time in bioelectrochemical anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2019, v. 44, pp. 2170–2179.
  11. Yuan Y., Liu Y., Li B. K., et al. Short-chain fatty acids production and microbial community in sludge alkaline fermentation: Long-term effect of temperature. Bioresource Technology, 2016, v. 211, pp. 685–690.
  12. Liu X., Liu H., Chen Y., et al. Effects of organic matter and initial carbon–nitrogen ratio on the bioconversion of volatile fatty acids from sewage sludge. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 2008, v. 83 (7), pp. 1049–1055.
  13. Xiong H., Chen J., Wang H., Shi H. Influences of volatile solid concentration, temperature and solid retention time for the hydrolysis of waste activated sludge to recover volatile fatty acids. Bioresource Technology, 2012, v. 119, pp. 285–292.
  14. Yu H.-Q., Fang H. H. P., Gu G.-W. Comparative performance of mesophilic and thermophilic acidogenic upflow reactors. Process Biochemistry, 2002, v. 38 (3), pp. 447–454.
  15. Thanh P. M., Ketheesan B., Yan Z., Stuckey D. Trace metal speciation and bioavailability in anaerobic digestion: a review. Biotechnology Advances, 2016, v. 34 (2), pp. 122–136.
  16. Chen H., Zeng X., Zhou Y., et al. Influence of roxithromycin as antibiotic residue on volatile fatty acids recovery in anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2020, v. 394, pp. 122570.
  17. Huang X., Zhao J., Xu Q., et al. Enhanced volatile fatty acids production from waste activated sludge anaerobic fermentation by adding tofu residue. Bioresource Technology, 2019, v. 274, pp. 430–438.
  18. Owusu-Agyeman I., Plaza E., Cetecioglu Z. Production of volatile fatty acids through co-digestion of sewage sludge and external organic waste: Effect of substrate proportions and longterm operation. Waste Management, 2020, v. 112, pp. 30–39.
  19. Zhou A., Guo Z., Yang C., et al. Volatile fatty acids productivity by anaerobic co-digesting waste activated sludge and corn straw: effect of feedstock proportion. Journal of Biotechnology, 2013, v. 168, pp. 234–239.
  20. Marañón E., Castrillón L., Quiroga G. Co-digestion of cattle manure with food waste and sludge to increase biogas production. Waste Management, 2012, v. 32, pp. 1821–1825.
  21. Borowski S., Weatherley L. Co-digestion of solid poultry manure with municipal sewage sludge. Bioresource Technology, 2013, v. 142, pp. 345–352.
  22. Jain S., Wolf I. T., Lee J., Tong Y. A comprehensive review on operating parameters and different pretreatment methodologies for anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2015, v. 52, pp. 142–154.
  23. Luo K., Pang Y., Yang Q., et al. A critical review of volatile fatty acids produced from waste activated sludge: enhanced strategies and its applications. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019, v. 26, pp. 13984–13998.
  24. Toreci I., Kennedy K. J., Droste R. L. Evaluation of continuous mesophilic anaerobic sludge digestion after high temperature microwave pretreatment. Water Research, 2009, v. 43, pp. 1273–1284.
  25. Yan Y., Feng L., Zhang C., et al. Ultrasonic enhancement of waste activated sludge hydrolysis and volatile fatty acids accumulation at pH 10.0. Water Research, 2010, v. 44, pp. 3329–3336.
  26. Zhang D., Jiang H., Jing C., et al. Effect of thermal hydrolysis pretreatment on volatile fatty acids production in sludge acidification and subsequent polyhydroxyalkanoates production. Bioresource Technology, 2019, v. 279, pp. 92–100.
  27. Yuan H., Chen Y., Zhang H., et al. Improved bioproduction of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from excess sludge under alkaline conditions. Environmental Science and Technology, 2006, v. 40 (6), pp. 2025–2029.
  28. Su G., Huo M., Yuan Z., et al. Hydrolysis, acidification and dewaterability of waste activated sludge under alkaline conditions: combined effects of NaOH and Ca(OH)2. Bioresource Technology, 2013, v. 136, pp. 237–243.
  29. Wu Q., Guo W., Bao X., et al. Enhanced volatile fatty acid production from excess sludge by combined free nitrous acid and rhamnolipid treatment. Bioresource Technology, 2017, v. 224, pp. 727–732.
  30. Pijuan M., Wang Q., Ye L., Yuan Z. Improving secondary sludge biodegradability using free nitrous acid treatment. Bioresource Technology, 2012, v. 116, pp. 92–98.
  31. Li Y., Wang G., Yuan X., et al. Enhanced dewaterability of anaerobically digested sludge by in-situ free nitrous acid treatment. Water Research, 2020, v. 169, an 115264.
  32. Lin L., Li X. Acidogenic fermentation of iron-enhanced primary sedimentation sludge under different pH conditions for production of volatile fatty acids. Chemosphere, 2018, v. 194, pp. 692–700.
  33. Wang Y., Wei W., Wu S.-L., Ni B.-J. Zerovalent iron enhances medium-chain acids production from waste activated sludge through improving sludge biodegradation and electron transfer efficiency. Environmental Science and Technology, 2020, v. 54 (17), pp. 10904–10915.
  34. Yang J., Liu X., Wang D., et al. Mechanisms of peroxymonosulfate pretreatment enhancing production of short-chain fatty acids from waste activated sludge. Water Research, 2019, v. 148, pp. 239–249.
  35. Zhang C., Qin Y., Xu Q., et al. 2018. Free ammonia-based pretreatment promotes short-chain fatty acid production from waste activated sludge. ACS Sustainable Chemical Engineering, v. 6 (7), pp. 9120–9129.
  36. Liu X., Xu Q., Wang D., et al. Enhanced short-chain fatty acids from waste activated sludge by heat–CaO2 advanced thermal hydrolysis pretreatment: parameter optimization, mechanisms, and implications. ACS Sustainable Chemical Engineering, 2019, v. 7 (3), pp. 3544–3555.
  37. Liu H.-Y., Zhou A.-J., Liu Z.-H., et al. Performance and mechanism of short-chain acid production from waste activated sludge fermentation elevating by sulfate radical pretreatment. Zhongguo Huanjing Kexue (China Environmental Science), 2020, v. 40 (4), pp. 1594–1600.
  38. Zhou A., Liu W., Varrone C., et al. Evaluation of surfactants on waste activated sludge fermentation by pyrosequencing analysis. Bioresource Technology, 2015, v. 192, pp. 835–840.
  39. Yu S., Zhang G., Li J. Effect of endogenous hydrolytic enzymes pretreatment on the anaerobic digestion of sludge. Bioresource Technology, 2013, v. 146, pp. 758–761.
  40. Yu S., Zhang G., Zhao Z. Effect of endogenous amylase on characterization and anaerobic digestibility of sludge. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 2013, v. 45, pp. 48–52.
  41. Madkour M. H., Heinrich D., Alghamdi M. A., et al. PHA recovery from biomass. Biomacromolecules, 2013, v. 36, pp. 1–10.
  42. Angenent L. T., Richter H., Buckel W., et al. Chain elon-gation with reactor microbiomes: open-culture biotechnology to produce biochemicals. Environmental Science and Technology, 2016, v. 50 (6), pp. 2796–2810.
  43. Wu S., Wei W., Sun J., et al. Medium-chain fatty acid and long-chain alcochols production from waste activated sludge via two-stage anaerobic fermentation. Water Research, 2020, v. 186, an 116381.
  44. Zhu X., Chen Y. Reduction of N2O and NO generation in anaerobic-aerobic (low dissolved oxygen) biological wastewater treatment process by using sludge alkaline fermentation liquid. Environmental Science and Technology, 2011, v. 45, pp. 2137–2143.
  45. Zhang C., Chen Y., Randall A. A., Gu G. Anaerobic metabolic models for phosphorus- and glycogen-accumulating organisms with mixed acetic and propionic acids as carbon sources. Water Research, 2008, v. 42, pp. 3745–3756.
  46. Cai L., Zhang H., Feng Y., et al. Sludge decrement and electricity generation of sludge microbial fuel cell enhanced by zero valent iron. Journal of Clean Production, 2018, v. 174, pp. 35–41.
  47. Zhao Y., Chen Y. Nano-TiO2 enhanced photofermentative hydrogen produced from the dark fermentation liquid of waste activated sludge. Environmental Science and Technology, 2011, v. 45, pp. 8589–8595.
  48. Vijayaraghavan K., Sagar G. K. Anaerobic digestion and in situ electrohydrolysis of dairy bio- sludge. Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, 2010, v. 15, pp. 520–526.
  49. Liu W., Huang S, Zhou A., et al. Hydrogen generation in microbial electrolysis cell feeding with fermentation liquid of waste activated sludge. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2012, v. 37, pp. 13859–13864.
  50. Alloul A., Wuyts S., Lebeer S., Vlaeminck S. E. Volatile fatty acids impacting phototrophic growth kinetics of purple bacteria: Paving the way for protein production on fermented wastewater. Water Research, 2019, v. 152, pp. 138–147.

Журнал ВСТ включен в новый перечень ВАК

Шлафман В. В. Проектирование под заданную ценность, или достижимая эффективность технических решений – что это?

Banner Kofman 1