Choosing the optimal water supply schematic for a high-rise building

Summary

The task of enhanced studying scientific substantiation of the selection of a water supply system schematic with the development of criterial indicators (parameters) of optimization is formulated. The analysis of the state of real estate construction market provided for making a substantiated choice of a model building for which seven different versions of water supply schematic were designed and hydraulic and technical and economic calculations were made. The core indicators of reliability were calculated with the use of three methods. The significance coefficients are proposed that determine the degree of impact of a single assembly failure on the general system robustness. The regularities of the fitting failure-free operation probability changing with increasing the number of storeys in a building were determined. An algorithm of choosing an applicable water supply schematic was drawn up that was based on the question-answer method and took into account the basic data on the number of storeys, pressure limitations, building design features, redundancy possibility and (or) necessity as well as additional equipment installation. The optimization parameters were determined: material characteristics, reliability and energy consumption. To solve the formulated task a uniform integral equation of reliability-economic index is proposed. The coefficients and all relevant numerical values assumed depending on the schematic under consideration are cited. Inserting basic data into the equation provides for the coordinates for definition domain development. Each schematic in view of its specificity has a definite range of values (definition domain).

Key words

reliability , energy efficiency , electric power , algorythm , water supply schematic , high-rise building , material characteristics , optimization parameter , definition domain

Adaptive control method in water disinfection

Summary

Pathogenic microorganisms present in natural water sources can be partially removed in the process of physical and chemical treatment (coagulation, contact clarification, filtration with presedimentation or flotation and other methods). Their final inactivation can be provided by oxidation with chlorine, chlorine dioxide, sodium hypochlorite and chloramines, ozone, as well as by UV-irradiation. The problems arising during chemical water disinfection are considered. The actuality of the problems is related to the decrease in water consumption, in big cities in particular. Owing to this the time of water retention in the distribution network increases, and in the far points the concentration of disinfectants in water is unacceptably low. The complexity of determining the chemical dosages conditioned by continuous fluctuations in the water consumption and water quality is shown. The operation of a network with the use of EPANET 2.0 software was simulated. The disinfectant concentration changes in water along the network length for «short» and «long» sections were studied. The dosing patterns for a network with two disinfectant injection points were developed. The practicability of adaptive control of the disinfection process is shown and its algorithm has been developed. The introduction of the proposed control scheme will provide for not only economic benefit by reducing chemical consumption but also for improving the reliability of water disinfection, improving the quality of the disinfected water, developing the data base for optimization and predictions, improving the customer service level.

Key words

mobile laboratory , disinfection , optimization , water treatment , adaptive control , algorythm