№3|2021

ЗА РУБЕЖОМ

DOI 10.35776/VST.2021.03.08
УДК 628.31:578.834.1

Кофман В. Я., Вишневский М. В.

Коронавирус SARS-CoV-2 в сточных водах (обзор)

Аннотация

Пандемия СOVID-19, объявленная ВОЗ чрезвычайной ситуацией в области здравоохранения, вызвана новым коронавирусом SARS-CoV-2. По сообщениям из Евросоюза, США и Австралии, потенциальная выживаемость коронавируса SARS-CoV-2 в фекалиях и сточных водах в течение достаточно длительного времени создает реальную возможность его поступления с канализационными стоками на очистные сооружения или непосредственно в поверхностные воды при сбросе неочищенных стоков. Это свидетельствует о существовании потенциальной возможности передачи SARS-CoV-2 через воду. В этой связи особую актуальность приобретает разработка эффективных способов удаления и инактивации вирусов на очистных сооружениях. Наличие коронавирусной инфекции в сточных водах может представлять серьезную опасность для здоровья контактирующих с ними людей. К ним относится персонал очистных сооружений, а также население в целом, которое может подвергаться непосредственному воздействию необработанных или недостаточно обработанных сточных вод через неисправные водопроводные или канализационные коммуникации. Во многих странах для получения своевременной достоверной информации о распространении коронавирусной инфекции используют методы эпидемиологии сточных вод. Возможность выявления РНК вируса в сточных водах даже при низкой распространенности СOVID-19 и корреляция между концентрацией РНК SARS-CoV-2 в сточных водах и официальной информацией указывают на то, что наблюдение за сточными водами может стать чувствительным инструментом мониторинга циркуляции вируса в популяции.

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